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The course will provide an overview of evolutionary biology with emphasis on biochemical and molecular genetic principles. The course is divided into three modules focusing on (i) biochemical evolution, (ii) biological evolution, and (iii) interconnection between cell biology, developmental genetics and evolutionary process including the methodological approaches.
Last update: Lipovová Petra (13.07.2023)
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Recommended:
Last update: Vopálenský Pavel (20.08.2026)
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The subject will be taught and examined in English. Pdf version of all presented slides will be provided in UCT e-learning system for every lecture. The e-learning material will be sufficient for studying for the final exam.
Last update: Vopálenský Pavel (09.03.2026)
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The course ends with an oral exam. During the course, students will get their independent project on various topics that should be elaborated in a group of students (2-4 in each group). The students will have to wrap-up the project in a short 10 min presentation that will be presented in the class in one of the terminal lectures. Goals - literature search, teamwork, project management, presentation skills. The presentation is going to be evaluated and compose 25% of the final exam mark. In addition, in every lecture within the first 8 weeks of the course, a small task requiring simple literature search, basic data analysis and creative thinking, is going to be assigned. The students should select 3 topics of interest and elaborate them in a 1-2 A4 page long essay to be sent to the teacher. Goals - literature search, independent thinking, practicing basic bioinformatic/data analysis skills. These elaborated tasks will compose 50% of the final exam mark. The final oral exam will be in the form of colloquium (2-3 students) in which the previously elaborated materials provided by the students beforehand are going to be discussed in a broader context to assess students knowledge of the subject. The oral exam comprises 25% of the final mark. Last update: Vopálenský Pavel (20.08.2026)
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1) Introduction to the course, exam organization.�Origin of Life 1: General properties of life, The Chemistry of Life, Origin of Elements, Metabolism and Compartmentalization, Astrobiology 2) Origin of Life 2: RNA world hypothesis, The role of Cycling, Autonomous replicators and ribozymes, Hypercycles, Origin of the Genetic code 3) LUCA and the Beginning of Biological Evolution, Introduction to evolutionary thinking (Darwin, Lamarck), Fundamentals of Biological evolution and common Misconceptions 4) Mutation – Types of Mutations, Molecular Sources of Point Mutations, Relevance of Mutation in Evolution, Substitution rates, Neutral theory and Molecular Clock 5) Evolution of genes, gene birth, gene duplication, fate of duplicated genes – pseudogenization, neofunctionalization, subfunctionalization. 6) Genome evolution, polyploidy, molecular approaches to phylogenetics 7) Population genetics and evolution, Mendelian genetics and alleles, polymorphism, Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium and its violation, Genetic Drift, Effective Population Size vs Census Population Size, Gene Flow and Structured Populations, Inbreeding 8) Selection - Classical Darwinian Theory, Types of Mutation from Selection Point of View, Selection vs Genetic Drift, Evolutionary Fitness Landscapes, Cryptic Mutations, Case Study: The Long-Term Evolutionary Experiment (Lenski Experiment) 9) Speciation and extinction: allopatric and sympatric, punctuated equilibrium, sexual vs asexual speciation, reasons for extinction, geological epochs 10) Evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo): model organisms and their selection, phylotypic stages, hour-glass model, gene regulatory networks, example – evolution of the placenta. 11) Cell type evolution: conservation of regulatory and signalling cascades, developmental and terminal selector genes, example – the evolution of neuronal cells and the eye 12) Case study in Plant evolution – Dr. Storchova 13) Students’ presentations 14) Spare Slot for Bank holiday Last update: Vopálenský Pavel (24.08.2026)
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After finishing this subject, the students should have gained background in molecular and genetic processes underlying the evolutionary change. They should understand basic molecular mechanisms driving changes in gene regulation, gene mutation, gene and genome duplication and how these changes affect cell differentiation, embryonic development and contribute to evolutionary transitions. Last update: Vopálenský Pavel (08.03.2026)
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Biologie I / Biology Biochemie I / Biochemistry I Molekulová genetika a analýza DNA / Molecular genetics and DNA analysis Last update: Vopálenský Pavel (02.03.2026)
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