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The subject is designed for 3rd year students of Informatics and Chemistry. It should give them a sound introduction into the field of toxicology, prepare them for a qualified work with toxicological information, teach them how to interpret toxicological data and to evaluate these data critically. The examination consists of a written and an oral part. Students must get at least 50 % of points in the written test to be admitted to the oral examination.
Last update: Linhart Igor (22.06.2007)
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C.D. Klaasen, J.B. Watkins III: Casarett and Doull´s Essentials of Toxicology. McGrow-Hill 2003
S.E. Manahan: Toxicological Chemistry. Lewis Publ. 1989 Last update: Linhart Igor (22.06.2007)
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1. Toxicology, toxicity, intoxication, poison. Definition of the terms; position of toxicology among other sciences, brief history. 2. Dose and effect, toxic responses, intoxication. Acute versus chronic toxicity, local versus systemic effect, neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, mutagenicity, teratogenicity, carcinogenicity, organ-directed toxicity. 3. Mechanisms of toxicity, the receptor theory, xenobiotics, their interactions with biologically important target molecules. 4. Fate of xenobiotics in the organism: absorption, distribution, biotransformation, excretion. 5. Biotranstormation of xenobiotics and toxicity. Types of biotransformation reactions, detoxification, metabolic activation, biotransformation enzymes. 6. How to assess toxicity. Experiments in vitro and in vivo, computer models. 7. Searching the literature for toxic properties. Toxicological data (LD, LC, NOAEL, LOAEL, etc.) toxicologic databases, Material Safety Data Sheets 8. Structure and effect. Toxic effect as one of the compound properties, its assessment (SAR), scope and limitations. 9. Biological monitoring. Indicators of the dose and of the effect. Metabolites, protein adducts, DNA adducts. 10. Toxicity and risk. Physico-chemical properties of compounds as related to the ways of absorption into the organism; health and environmental risk. 11. Further risks arising from the manipulation with chemicals. Flammable compounds, explosive and pyrophoric compounds, characterisation of combustible matters. 12. Examples of frequently used toxic and hazardous compounds. Toxicological data, safety data, their interpretation. 13. Special classes of toxic compounds. Poisons of plant and animal origin, psychoactive compounds, warfare chemicals, ecotoxic compounds, biocides and pesticides. 14. Carcinogenic compounds, epigenetic carcinogens, possibilities of the assessment of carcinogenic potential based on the structure and biotransformation. Last update: Linhart Igor (22.06.2007)
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Pro zápis tohoto předmětu je nutno mít minimálně zapsán předmět N110004 Last update: SMIDOVAL (20.05.2009)
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