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In lectures, students learn about modern methods of trace element analysis based on the principles of atomic spectrometry. Introductory part of the course is devoted to theoretical principles, the structure of the atom, energy transitions in the electron shell of atoms and basic structural elements used in atomic spectrometry. The first part of the course comprises atomic absorption spectrometry. Students learn the used radiation sources, methods of atomization interference correction methods and some special approaches to the analysis (generation of volatile compounds, electrolytic deposition of analyte). Another series of lectures is concerned with emission spectral analysis, students will learn various methods of excitation of spectra, such as spark, arc, glow discharge, plasma and laser. The following part of the lectures if concerned with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, the students will learn the basics of instrumentation, methods of correction of spectral and non-spectral interferences and special techniques, such as elemental speciation analysis, single-particle analysis and isotope dilution. Attention is also paid to the atomic fluorescence spectrometry and the X-ray spectrometry. In the lectures on applications, students get familiar with work in the trace lab, the methods of preparation of various types of samples (water, biological materials, ores and rocks) and the possibilities of using atomic spectrometry techniques for in situ analysis.
Part of the course is also an individual literary or laboratory project.
Last update: Pátková Vlasta (16.11.2018)
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Acknowledgement of literary research or passing labs and acknowledgement of protocols. To complete the oral exam, the student must successfully answer two questions from the list of questions. Last update: Pátková Vlasta (16.11.2018)
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R: Cullen M.: Atomic Spectroscopy in Elemental Analysis, Blackwell 2004, ISBN 1-84127-333-3
R: Broekaert José A.C.: Analytical Atomic Spectrometry with Flames and Plasmas, Wiley 2002, ISBN 978-3-527-31282-5
R: Becker J.S.: Inorganic Mass Spectrometry, Principles and Applications, Wiley 2007, ISBN 978-0-470-01200-0 Last update: Pátková Vlasta (16.11.2018)
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Elaboration of individual project - literatury research or laboratory work. An oral examination. Last update: Pátková Vlasta (16.11.2018)
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1. Structure of atoms.
2. Interaction of electrons and electromagnetic radiation, width and intensity of spectral lines.
3. Fundamentals of optics, construction of monochromators and polychromators, construction of radiation detectors.
4. Atomic absorption spectrometry, basic instrumentation - radiation sources, atomizers.
5. Atomic absorption spectrometry: interference and background correction, signal optimization and processing.
6. Atomic absorption spectrometry: special techniques - hydride generation, mercury determination, electrodeposition.
7. Atomic fluorescence spectrometry.
8. Flame emission spectrometry, spectrometry with electric arc and spark excitation, rotating electrode spectroscopy, spectroscopy with glow discharge.
9. Inductively coupled and DC plasma optical emission spectrometry, LIBS
10. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: basic instrumentation - ion optics, ion filters and detectors.
11. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: interference and methods of their elimination; special techniques - laser ablation, analysis of nanoparticles, connection with electrothermal evaporation.
12. Hyphenated techniques in speciation analysis of trace elements.
13. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry.
14. Preparation of samples for elemental trace analysis, principles of work in a trace laboratory. Last update: Pátková Vlasta (16.11.2018)
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Students completing the course will acquire theoretical knowledge of the methods of elemental analysis using optical spectrometry (absorption, emission and fluorescence), X-ray spectrometry and mass spectrometry. They will be familiar with the various methods of sample preparation and problems of cleanness in trace laboratory. Last update: Pátková Vlasta (16.11.2018)
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Basic knowledge of analytical chemistry, physics and mathematics. Last update: Pátková Vlasta (16.11.2018)
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