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The Molecular Biology course introduces students to the key molecular processes in eukaryotic cells that are fundamental to their structure, function, and communication. The course covers a wide range of topics, from the regulation of protein activity and localisation within the cell, to the complex networks of cell signalling and cell cycle control, to mechanisms of differentiation, programmed cell death and the molecular basis of cancer.
Last update: Rumlová Michaela (09.04.2025)
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R: Lodish H.: Molecular cell biology, 5,6,7 nebo 8.vydání,ISBN (7.vyd.) 978-1-4292-3413-9 R: Alberts B.:Molecular Biology of the Cell, 5 nebo 6 vydání ISBN (6 vyd.): 978-0-8153-4464-3 Last update: Rumlová Michaela (09.04.2025)
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Lectures with continuous discussion. Last update: Rumlová Michaela (19.04.2026)
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The course is assessed by a written test, which may be supplemented by an oral examination if necessary. Last update: Rumlová Michaela (19.04.2026)
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1. Regulation of protein function: Post-translational modification of proteins (phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination) Molecular chaperones and control of proper folding Proteasome system, protein degradation and regulation of mRNA stability 2. Sorting and targeting of proteins I - Intracellular trafficking Transport to the ER, mitochondria, nuclei and peroxisomes Signal sequences, receptor systems and quality of protein folding in the ER 3. Protein sorting and targeting II - Vesicular trafficking: Mechanism of vesicle formation, secretory pathway (anterograde and retrograde transport) Targeting of proteins to lysosomes, mechanisms of endocytosis 4. Transmembrane transport of small molecules and ionts Transport of ions and small molecules by membrane proteins Mechanisms of transport: channels, transporters, pumps (Na+/K+ ATPase, ABC transporters) Importance of gradients, osmotic equilibrium, aquaporins 5. Cytoskeleton I - Actin cytoskeleton: Structure of G-actin and F-actin, polymerisation and depolymerisation Actin motors (myosins), organisation of actin structures and movement 6. Cytoskeleton II - Microtubules: Tubulin, microtubule organisation, centrosomes Kinesin and dynein motors, mitotic spindle, kinetochore 7. Cytoskeleton III - Intermediate filaments: Overview of classes of intermediate filaments (e.g. cytokeratins, vimentin, lamins) Function and localisation in cells Involvement in mechanical stability and cell junctions 8. ECM and cellular interactions Composition of the ECM and cellular receptors (integrins) Types of intercellular junctions (tight junctions, adherens junctions, gap junctions) Functional links between cells and the ECM 9. Signal Transduction I - General Principles: Types of receptors, second messengers, G-proteins, kinases and phosphatases, adaptor proteins 10. Signal transduction II - Regulation of gene expression and specific signalling pathways: Receptors with kinase activity (RTK), JAK/STAT, Ras/MAPK, PI3K/Akt pathway, ubiquitin-dependent and proteolytic signalling pathways (Notch, Wnt, NF-kB) 11. Cell cycle and its regulation: Cycle phases, checkpoints, role of cyclins and CDKs, regulation of cycle entry, RB protein, E2F, mitosis, cytokinesis 12. Stem cells and cell death: Totipotent, pluripotent and multipotent stem cells Differentiation, asymmetric division, apoptosis (Bcl-2 family, caspases, apoptosome) 13. Molecular basis of cancer: Oncogenesis, differences between normal and cancer cells Proto-oncogenes, tumour suppressor genes, multi-hit model, metastasis viral, chemical and radiation carcinogenesis, mutations in genes such as Ras, p53, RB Last update: Rumlová Michaela (09.04.2025)
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http://eso.vscht.cz/ Last update: Rumlová Michaela (09.04.2025)
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Students of this course will understand the basic principles of eukaryotic cell functioning in multicellular organisms. Students will comprehend the structural and functional organization of eukaryotic cells, intracellular and vesicular transport of proteins to the organelles and their incorporation into biological membranes, the basis of cell communication with the environment and signal transduction, cell cycle regulation, cell differentiation, programmed cell death, and integration of cells into tissues. Last update: Rumlová Michaela (09.04.2025)
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basic knowledge of molecular genetics, biochemistry, biology and cell biology within the scope of the Bachelor's degree at the University of Science and Technology Prague Last update: Rumlová Michaela (09.04.2025)
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| Teaching methods | ||||
| Activity | Credits | Hours | ||
| Účast na přednáškách | 1 | 28 | ||
| Příprava na přednášky, semináře, laboratoře, exkurzi nebo praxi | 0.5 | 14 | ||
| Příprava na zkoušku a její absolvování | 1.5 | 42 | ||
| 3 / 3 | 84 / 84 | |||
| Coursework assessment | |
| Form | Significance |
| Examination test | 100 |

