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The course will provide students with a basic insight into the structure and organization of living systems. Students will learn about the properties of biological molecules, the principles of enzyme catalysis, the structure and function of cell membranes, and the structure of microbial cells. Basic groups of microorganisms that can play a vital role in the biodeterioration of cultural heritage objects will be analyzed in more detail. Growth dynamics and the influence of external conditions on the growth of microorganisms, including possible inhibition of their growth, will be discussed. Attention will also be paid to various environmental monitoring techniques, isolation techniques and the possibilities of identifying microorganisms. Other biological factors affecting the state of historical objects will also be mentioned. As part of the lectures, the system of prevention and health protection when handling contaminated objects will also be discussed.
In the laboratories, students will learn about the principles of aseptic work, the preparation of culture media, the basics of isolation and identification techniques, and the microscopy of bacteria, yeasts and molds. They will try out techniques for microbiological monitoring of air and surfaces. They will monitor the effect of physical and chemical means on the growth of microorganisms. Based on the determination of selected enzyme activities, he will evaluate the risk of possible biodegradation of historical materials.
Last update: Sýkorová Hana (30.11.2023)
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Completion of laboratory exercises and successful completion of the written exam. Last update: Sýkorová Hana (30.11.2023)
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R: Němec, M., Matulková, D.: Základy obecné mikrobiologie, muni PRESS 2015; ISBN: 978-80-210-7923-6 R: Joseph E.: Microorganisms in the Deterioration and Preservation of Cultural Heritage, Springer Cham 2021; e-book ISBN: 978-3-030-69411-1, doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69411-1 A: Kodíček M., Valentová O., Hynek R.: Biochemie; chemický pohled na biologický svět, 3. přepracované vydání, Vysoká škola chemicko-technologická v Praze, Praha 2022; ISBN: 978-80-7592-124-6 A: Demnerová K.: Laboratorní cvičení z mikrobiologie Vysoká škola chemicko-technologická v Praze, 2001, ISBN 978-80-7080-415-5 Articles selected from the databases Web of Science, Scopus and other literature as recommended by the lecturer. Last update: Sýkorová Hana (30.11.2023)
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1. Introduction, living systems, biopolymers, membranes 2. Amino acids, peptides, proteins 3. Enzymes, basic principles of metabolism 4. From DNA to protein, structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells 5. Characteristics of basic groups of microorganisms, reproduction – bacteria, yeasts, fungi 6. Growth of microorganisms, cultivation, influence of external conditions on growth 7. Environmental monitoring, factors influencing the occurrence of microorganisms in the indoor environment 8. Isolation, identification - culture vs. non-cultivation techniques, luminometer, PCR, sequencing, MALDI 9. Damage to cultural heritage materials by microorganisms I 10. Damage to cultural heritage materials by microorganisms II 11. Disinfection, antimicrobial effect of natural substances 12. Biological damage (cyanobacteria, algae, lichens, mosses, insects, rodents, birds) 13. Building security system against biological pests, preventive and punitive measures 14. Health protection, health risks, monitoring of the working environment, hygienic limits
Lab exercises: 1. Preparation of cultivation soils, isolation techniques, cultivation 2. Determination of the total number of microorganisms 3. Determination of the number of yeasts and molds 4. Microscopy of bacteria, Gram staining 5. Microscopy of fungi, basic morphological features 6. Environmental monitoring – aeroscope, fallout, smears, luminometer 7. Identification of isolates (bacteria, fungi) – basic biochemical tests, morphological features 8. Effectiveness of disinfectants (bacteria, bacterial spores, fungi) 9. Antimicrobial effect of natural substances 10. Biodegradation potential of bacteria and micromycetes - monitoring of selected enzyme activities (cellulases, proteases, amylases) Last update: Sýkorová Hana (30.11.2023)
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Study materials received from teachers. Last update: Sýkorová Hana (30.11.2023)
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Students will orient themselves in the issue of microorganisms playing a role in the biodeterioration of objects of cultural heritage. They will understand the mechanisms of action of microorganisms on different types of materials. They will be able to isolate these microorganisms, cultivate them and propose procedures for their elimination. They will acquire theoretical knowledge and practical skills in the issue of microbiological monitoring of the environment and the system of preventive measures. Last update: Sýkorová Hana (30.11.2023)
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none Last update: Sýkorová Hana (30.11.2023)
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