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The course covers the application of isotopically (using stable as well as radioactive isotope) labeled compounds in chemistry, biology and medicine with special aspects of this discipline (synthesis in ng to mg scale, kinetic isotopic effect, radiation safety). An overview of modern and traditional methods for introduction of isotopes into studied compounds with respect to choice of isotope, feasibility of synthetic process and economic issue is discussed.
Last update: Marek Aleš (31.01.2026)
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To succesfully pass oral exam.
Attendance on presentations is strongly recommended. Last update: Marek Aleš (31.01.2026)
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Obligatory:
Recommended:
Last update: Marek Aleš (31.01.2026)
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1. Why we need an isotopic labeling of organic compounds? Practical applications (drug research, nuclear medicine, life sciences). Synthetic strategies of pharmaceutically relevant labeled compounds based on availability of isotopically enriched reagents. 2. D-drugs. An importance of deuterium kinetic isotope effect on metabolite stability. API evergreening. Deuterium switch, metabolic soft spots. Isotopic fractionation. 3. Radioactiva isotope of hydrogen - Tritium. Handling of radioactive gas, scintillation detection. Selectivity of labeling, determination of specific activity. 4. In-situ generation of tritiated reagents from pure tritium gas. 5. Both state-of-the-art and late-stage-labeling methods using hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE). Importance of reaction conditions on isotopic enrichment and selectivity of labeling. 6. Labeling of aliphatic C(sp3)-H using hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE). Condition dependent radiochemical stability of 3H-labeled tracers. 7. Carbon-14 as an expensive but irreplaceable radionuclide in clinal stages of drug development. Traditional vs modern carbon isotope exchange technigues (CIE). AMS as an ultrasensitive tracing technique. 8. Labeling of big and fragile molecules. Trends in labeling of peptides as hot-topic compounds in drug development. 3H-Semaglutide (OZEMPIC, WEGOVY). 9. Radiopharmaceuticals and their use nuclear medicine. Therapeutic and diagnostic applications (PET, SPECT). Generation of essential nuclides (cyclotrone, generator). F-18, C-11, Cu-64, [18F]FDG, a 99mTc, Ga-68. 10. Stabile isotope labeling. Deuterium vs. C-13, N-15, O-18. Stabile isotope labeled internal standards (SILS). Universally labeled natural compounds (amino acids, sugars, lipids) by deuterium, N-15, C-13, and C-14. 11. Radiation safety when using ioniyation sources. Dosimetry, workplace contamination monitoring. Principles and measures to minimize radiation dose. 12. Lab excursion. How to behave safe in Controlled area, operation of tritium manifold in glove-box, very small scale deuteration, radioiodination of peptides, analytical-prep radio-HPLC, 3H NMR, scintillation techniques in liquid, gas, and on thin layer. Cryoprotection storage of 3H-tracers. Buffer-stock of radioactive waste. Last update: Marek Aleš (31.01.2026)
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Lecture notes and recommended literature. Last update: Marek Aleš (31.01.2026)
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Students will be able to: To use labeling of compounds by isotopes in natural sciences research, in drug development, and in nuclear medicine. They will know how to choose the isotope and method of labeling appropriate molecule of interest with regard of application, feasibility, economic aspects and radiation safety. Last update: Marek Aleš (31.01.2026)
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Organic chemistry A or Organic chemistry I Last update: Marek Aleš (31.01.2026)
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