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Last update: Šmídová Ludmila (24.03.2009)
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Last update: Šmídová Ludmila (24.03.2009)
1.Significance of chemistry and its role in history of mankind. Parallel development of theoretical and applied chemistry. 2.Ancient age I. Resources of prehistoric knowledge. Important centers of ancient societies. Pyrotechnologies - ceramics, cement/mortars, metallurgy. 3.Ancient age II. Pyrotechnologies - glass, glazes. Pigments. Food preservation. Other technologies (fermentation, tannery, textiles dyeing, detergents, drugs, cosmetics). 4.Alchemy I. Greek philosophy. Tetrasomial theory. Theoretical resources of Hellenistic-Arabian alchemy, lapis philosophorum, aqua vitae. Resources of alchemical knowledge. Hellenistic alchemy. 5.Alchemy II. Arabian alchemy. Sulfur-mercury theory. European medieval alchemy, alchemy in the Czech lands. Steps of matter transmutation. Alchemical symbolism. Opus magnus. 6.Alchemy III. Alchemical instruments and devices. Alchemical terminology. Indian and Chinese alchemy. Alchemical theories in contemporary light. 7.Transition period. Iatrochemistry. Paracelsus and sulfur-mercury-salt theory. Pneumatic chemistry. Flogiston theory. 8.Beginnings of modern chemistry - chemical revolution. Lavoisier. Traité élémentaire de chemie. The law of conservation of matter. 9.Atomic theory. Quantitative laws of chemical reactions. Stoichiometry. Dalton's atomic theory. Atom, molecule, equivalent. Dualistic and unitary system. Type theory. 10.Development of theoretic views in organic chemistry. Radical, substitution, type, valency theories. Structural theory. Theory of aromatic compounds. Stereochemistry, optical and geometric isomerism. 11.Periodization of elements. Triad model. Telluric screw. Law of octaves. Periodic table - Lothar Meyer, D. I. Mendelejev. History of elements discoveries. 12.History of chemical nomenclature. General principles of scientific terminology. Logograms, redundancy, absolute and relative nomenclature. Protochemical and alchemical nomenclature. Méthode de Nomenclature Chimique. Dalton's and Berzelius's logograms. History of Czech chemical nomenclature. 13.History of chemical technology. Ancient technology. Beginnings of technical chemistry in the 16th and 17th centuries. History of chemical and food industries in the Czech lands. 14.History of teaching of chemistry in the Czech lands. History of the Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague. Notable personalities in ICT. Jaroslav Heyrovský.
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