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Course, academic year 2024/2025
  
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Engineering of Polymeration Reactors - P409006
Title: Inženýrství polymeračních reaktorů
Guaranteed by: Department of Chemical Engineering (409)
Faculty: Faculty of Chemical Engineering
Actual: from 2023
Semester: both
Points: 0
E-Credits: 0
Examination process:
Hours per week, examination: 3/0, other [HT]
Capacity: winter:unknown / unknown (unknown)
summer:unknown / unknown (unknown)
Min. number of students: unlimited
State of the course: taught
Language: Czech
Teaching methods: full-time
Teaching methods: full-time
Level:  
Note: course is intended for doctoral students only
can be fulfilled in the future
you can enroll for the course in winter and in summer semester
Guarantor: Kosek Juraj prof. Dr. Ing.
Is interchangeable with: AP409006
Annotation -
The subject deals with all aspects of the description and mathematical modelling of polymerization reactors. It includes treatment of reaction kinetics, population balances, description of molecular architecture by distribution functions, effect of phase and reaction equilibrium on polymerization, gas-dispersion and liquid-dispersion reactors, effects of thermodynamics on polymerization, control of polymerization reactors, down-stream processing of polymerization products and preparation of polymeric foams.
Last update: Kosek Juraj (14.11.2018)
Literature -

Young R.J., Lovell P.A.: Introduction to Polymers, Chapman & Hall (1991).

Morbidelli M.: Polymer reaction and colloid engineering (PDF file). https://www.ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/chab/icb/morbidelli-dam/documents/Education/PRCE/Series2016/PRCE_Lecture_Notes.pdf

Last update: Kosek Juraj (14.11.2018)
Syllabus -

1. Polymers – amorphous, crystalline, semi-crystalline. DSC characterization. Polymer molecular architecture – chain-length distribution, distributions for copolymers, branching, tacticity. GPC.

2. Method of polymer moments applied to chain-length distribution. Various distributions (NCLD, WCLD, NMWD, WMWD) and their characteristics related to moments (average chain length, polydispersity). Physical interpretation of polymer moments.

3. Types of polymerization kinetics. Method of polymer moments applied to processing of a simple polymerization kinetics.

4. Polycondensation. Carothers and Flory theories. Chain-length distribution of polymers prepared by polycondensation. Reaction kinetics of polycondensation.

5. Polycondensation. Non-stoichiometric ratio of reactants. Effect of reaction equilibrium. Effect of phase equilibrium and diffusion. Geling.

6. Free-radical polymerization kinetics. Reaction mechanism, rate of polymerization and average chain length. Chain transfer to solvent and to polymer. Ceiling temperature.

7. Chain-length distribution in free-radical polymerization for live and dead chains. Effect of temperature on polymerization rate and average chain length. Geling effect.

8. Copolymerization in free-radical polymerization. Reactivity ratios. Copolymer composition and composition drift during batch copolymerization. Sequence lengths.

9. Reactors for free-radical (co)polymerization. Polymerization in bulk, solution, suspension and emulsion. Colloidal stability (DLVO theory) in emulsions.

10. Emulsion polymerization. Critical micelle concentration (CMC). Phase behavior and stages of emulsion polymerization. Average number of radicals per particle. Rate of polymerization and average chain length in emulsion polymerization.

11. Catalytic polymerization and copolymerization. Ziegler-Natta catalysis. Types of catalyst sites. Stereoregularity. Catalytic activity and its evolution in time.

12. Reactors for catalytic polymerization – in solution, in slurry, in gas dispersion. Heat removal from fluidized bed reactor. Particle growth in slurry and gas dispersion reactors. Particle overheating.

13. Basic thermodynamics of polymer-solvent systems. Flory-Huggins theory. Enthalpy and entropy of mixing. Gibbs energy of mixing – bimodal and spinodal points. Phase diagrams. Hildebrand solubility parameter.

14. Rheology of polymer solutions. Mark-Houwing equation. Intrinsic viscosity of polymer solution. Rheology of polymer melts and its dependence on molecular weight of polymer. Melt flow index.

15. Measurement of MWD (molecular weight distribution) or molecular weight based on viscosity, gel permeation chromatography, osmometry, light scattering, FFF (field flow fractionation), ultracentrifugation, etc.

16. Crystalline, amorphous and semi-crystalline polymers. Lamellas and spherulites. Double-emulsion morphology (e.g., high-impact polystyrene). Melting temperature and glass-transition temperature. Simple morphological models of ion exchange membranes (Nafion).

17. Mechanical properties of polymer. Types of stress-strain curves. Concepts of strength and toughness. Deformation and failure mechanisms in polymers.

18. Visco-elasticity and simple Maxwell and Kelvin-Voight models. Loss and storage moduli.

Last update: Kosek Juraj (14.11.2018)
 
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