1. Reduction. Catalytic hydrogenation, reduction of multiple bonds.

2. Reduction of functional groups, hydrogenolytic reactions.

3. Oxidation of a non-functional and functional carbon atom, hydroxylation, oxidation leading to carbonyl compounds and carboxylic acids. Oxidation of O, N, and S-functional groups, oxidative decarboxylation.

4. Halogenation. Addition and substitution reactions. Substitution of halogenes, O- and N-derivatives.

5. Alkylation a acylation reactions. Nucleophilic substitution, nucleophilic and alkylation reagents, PTC-catalysis.

6. Alkylation of heteroatoms, alkylation of C-acids. Base catalyzed aldolisation reactions. The Wittig and related reactions.

7. Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation, halomethylation, formylation.

8. Nitration and nitrosation. Application for the synthesis of nitro and nitroso compounds. Sulfonation of aliphatic and aromatic compounds.

9. Formation and reactivity of diazonium salts. Diazotation, substitution of the diazo group, coupling reactions.

10. Formation of organometallic compounds.

11. Aplication of organometallic compounds.

12. Elimination reactions. Mechanisms, dehydration, deoxygenations, elimination of N-, S-groups, halogenes, decarboxylation, extrusion.

13. Functional derivatives of carbonyl and carboxylic group. Acetals, nitrogen derivatives. Formation of functional derivatives of carboxylic acids.

14. Principles of protection in organic synthesis. Protection of OH, CO, NH2 and COOH.