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Course, academic year 2020/2021
  
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Organic Chemistry II - AB110004
Title: Organic Chemistry II
Guaranteed by: Department of Organic Chemistry (110)
Faculty: Faculty of Chemical Technology
Actual: from 2020 to 2020
Semester: winter
Points: winter s.:6
E-Credits: winter s.:6
Examination process: winter s.:
Hours per week, examination: winter s.:3/2, C+Ex [HT]
Capacity: unknown / unknown (unknown)
Min. number of students: unlimited
State of the course: taught
Language: English
Teaching methods: full-time
Teaching methods: full-time
Level:  
Is provided by: S110005
Additional information: http://předmět je vyučován pouze v zimním semestru
Note: deregister from the exam date if a requisite was not fulfilled
course can be enrolled in outside the study plan
enabled for web enrollment
Guarantor: Lhoták Pavel prof. Ing. CSc.
Hodačová Jana doc. Dr. Ing.
Class: Kurz CŽV
Základní laboratoře
Classification: Chemistry > Organic Chemistry
Pre-requisite : {x}
Interchangeability : N101006, Z110005
In complex pre-requisite: B110009
Examination dates   Schedule   
Annotation -
This course is continuation of Organic chemistry I. The course of Organic chemistry II is based on the description of organic reactions according to the mechanistic principles. It also includes chemistry of natural compounds (carbohydrates, amino acids, peptides, nucleic acids) as well as basics of heterocyclic chemistry.
Last update: Kubová Petra (06.03.2019)
Aim of the course -

Students will be able to:

write mechanisms of reactions in organic chemistry

describe stereochemistry of chemical transformations

estimate reactivity of polyfunctional compounds on the bases of structure

plan two- or three-step synthesis of target compound

know chemical properties of basic building blocks of natural and heterocyclic compounds

Last update: Kubová Petra (06.03.2019)
Course completion requirements - Czech

Předmět je zakončen zkouškou, která se skládá z písemné a ústní části. Student může přistoupit ke zkoušce z Organické chemie II poté, co získal zápočet na cvičeních z Organické chemie II.

Last update: Kubová Petra (06.03.2019)
Literature -

R: J. McMurry: Organic Chemistry, 8. Edition, Brooks/Cole, Belmont, CA, USA, 2012. 9780840054449

Last update: Kubová Petra (06.03.2019)
Requirements to the exam -

1. Organic reactions. Basic classification (addition, substitution, elimination), oxidation and reduction in organic chemistry, oxidation numbers, classification of reagents, the ways of the splitting of chemical bond, reaction mechanism, reaction intermediates, the theory of transition state, reaction coordinate, DG a DG# and their influence on the reaction rate and on the reaction equilibrium.

2. Nucleophilic substitution on saturated carbon atom. Mechanism and stereochemistry and their dependence on the structure of substrate, leaving group and solvent. Competitive reactions. Preparation of alcohols, ethers, thiols, esters, alkylation of ammonia, amines and sulfur derivatives. Gabriel synthesis of amines, preparation of alkylhalides from alcohols using hydrogen halides or halides of inorganic acids, transformation of alcohols to the sulfonates (methanesulfonates and tosylates), sulfonates as the leaving groups, cleavage of ethers, opening of an epoxide ring. Formation of C-C bond by alkylation reactions - preparation of nitriles, reaction of organocooper reagents with alkyl-, alkenyl- and arylhalides.

3. Elimination reactions. E1 and E2 mechanism, relation to the nucleophilic substitution, dehydrohalogenation, Zaitsev's rule, influence of the bulkiness of the base, stereochemistry of the elimination reactions, Hofmann elimination, dehalogenation, dehydration, elimination during the solvolysis (E1), formation of alkynes, nitriles from dehydration of aldoximes, pinakol and Beckman rearrangements.

4. Nucleophilic addition to unsaturated carbon atom. Hydration of carbonyl group in aldehydes and ketones, acetals and ketals (revision). Addition of ammonia, amines, hydroxylamine and hydrazine to the carbonyl group of aldehydes and ketones. Cyanohydrines and aminonitriles. Reactions involving alpha-hydrogen: Acid and base catalyzed enolization, stability of enols, alpha-halogenation of aldehydes and ketones, haloform reaction, consequences of enolization (exchange of alpha-hydrogen atoms with solvent, racemization of chiral centre on the alpha-carbon atom, aldolization of aldehydes , aldol condensation of ketones, mixed aldol condensation, alkylation of enolates). Reduction of aldehydes and ketones (revision), reductive amination, Wittig reaction. Conjugate addition to alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds - addition of hydrogen halides, alcohols, thiols and amines, Michael addition, addition of organocooper reagents.

5. Nucleophilic substitution on the unsaturated carbon atom. Revision of the transformations of functional derivatives of carboxylic acids (acylhalides, esters, anhydrides), lactones and lactames. Claisen condensation, mixed Claisen condensation, condensation of esters with ketones, Dieckmann condensation. Malonic ester synthesis and acetoacetic ester synthesis.

6. Amides of carboxylic acids - Hofmann rearrangement, heterocumulenes (isocyanates, ketenes) and addition of nucleophiles on them. Reaction of functional derivatives of carboxylic acids with organometallic compounds. Reduction of functional derivatives of carboxylic acids using complex hydrides. Hydrolysis of functional derivatives of carboxylic acids, hydrolysis of nitriles - synthesis of carboxylic-, amino- and hydroxy acids.

7. Nucleophilic substitution on aromatic compounds. Preparation and reactivity of aromatic diazonium salts, their use in organic synthesis. Aromatic nucleophilic substitution (addition-elimination and elimination-addition mechanism).

8. Electrophilic addition to unsaturated systems. Addition of hydrogen halides to alkenes and alkynes, hydration of alkenes and alkynes (revision and extension), hydroboration, hydroboration/oxidation, addition of halogens, formation of halohydrines, epoxidation, dihydroxylation and ozonolysis of alkenes. Carbenes and cyclopropanation including Simmons-Smith reaction.

9. Electrophilic substitution on unsaturated carbon atom. Aromatic electrophilic substitution - introduction of second substituent (mechanism), comparison of benzene, naphthalene, pyrrole, furan, thiophene and pyridine.

10. Radical reactions. Formation of radicals, structure and stability of radicals. Radical halogenation of alkanes and its selektivity, Halogenation to allylic and benzyl position. Radical addition of HBr (revision) and RSH to alkenes.

11. Oxidation and reduction (revision and extension). Oxidation - oxidation of side chain on the aromatic ring, alcohols, spliting of 1,2-diols with HIO4, quinones. Oxidation of sulphur compounds and amines, Bayer-Villiger oxidation. Reduction - Birch reduction, reduction of alkynes to alkenes. Reduction of aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acid and their derivatives (Wolff-Kishner, Clemmensen, reductive dimerization - pinacol reaction, acyloin condensation, reduction using complex hydrides, DIBAH and BH3). Cannizzaro reaction. Reduction of nitrogen and sulphur derivatives (nitro compounds, disulfides, sulfonic acids).

12. Amino acids and peptides. Classification of amino acids, coded amino acids, structural types of coded amino acids, acido-basic equilibrium, isoelectric point, synthesis (Strecker synthesis, alkylation of acetamidomalonate). Chemistry of amino acids - behavior of alpha-amino acids on heating, esters of amino acids, acylation of amino acids. Analysis of peptides - amino acid analysis, sequence analysis (Sanger's reagent, dansylation, Edman degradation). Synthesis of peptides - protective groups (Z, Boc, benzyl and t-butyl ester), formation of peptide bond (DCCI, solid phase synthesis).

13. Carbohydrates. Structure, stereochemistry, configuration, cyclic forms, mutarotation, Kiliani–Fischer synthesis, Wohl degradation, oxidation and formation of lactones, reduction and epimerization of carbohydrates, glycosides. Disaccharides - reducing and non-reducing, polysaccharides (starch, cellulose).

14. Heterocycles - basic types of five- and six-membered heterocycles, aromaticity. Preparation and reactivity of five-membered heterocycles and of indole. Six-membered heterocycles containing nitrogen - pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, principle of their synthesis. Basicity, reactions on nitrogen, electrophilic and nucleophilic substitution reactions. Principles of nucleobases, nucleotides, nucleic acids; base pairing.

Last update: Kubová Petra (06.03.2019)
Syllabus -

1. Organic reactions, types, mechanisms, acid-base equilibrium.

2. Nucleophilic substitution on saturated carbon. Mechanism, stereochemistry, applications.

3. Elimination E1 and E2. Mechanism, stereochemistry, application.

4. Nucleophilic addition on unsaturated carbon.

5. Nucleophilic substitution on unsaturated carbon.

6. Carboxamides.

7. Nucleophilic substitution on aromatic compounds.

8. Electrophilic additions on unsaturated systems.

9. Electrophilic substitution on unsaturated systems.

10. Radical reactions, halogenation, additions of HBr and thiols.

11. Oxidation and reduction.

12. Aminoacids, peptides. Structure, chemical properties, synthesis.

13. Carbohydrides. Structure, stereochemistry, chemical properties.

14. Heterocycles. Basic types of five and six membered heterocycles, synthesis and reactivity.

Last update: Kubová Petra (06.03.2019)
Learning resources -

Electronic workbook: https://och.vscht.cz

Last update: Kubová Petra (06.03.2019)
Registration requirements -

Organic Chemistry I

Last update: Kubová Petra (06.03.2019)
 
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