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The subject is designed for Ph.D. students of various fields of chemistry with the aim to prepare them for proper handling the risks of intoxication connected to the chemist´s work and to give them an insight into the science of toxicology needed for their professional carrier in the interdisciplinary fields, where both chemistry and toxicology play an important role, e.g., industrial toxicology, environmental sciences, forenstic toxicology or carcinogenesis research. Chemical aspects of the mechanisms of toxicity are emphasised.
Last update: Fialová Jana (24.04.2020)
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Students will be able to: explain fundamental toxicological terms perform literature searches within the literature of chemical toxicology understand and interpret toxicological data propose plausible metabolic pathways for simple xenobiotics understand relations between chemical structure, metabolic activation and toxicity understand fundamentals of biological monitoring of both exposure and effect Last update: Fialová Jana (24.04.2020)
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Passing an exam consisting of a written and oral part.
Students will have to obtain at least 50 points (50%) in the written test and subsequently to pass the oral examination Last update: Fialová Jana (24.04.2020)
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R: C.D. Klaasen, J.B. Watkins III: Casarett and Doull´s Essentials of Toxicology. McGrow-Hill 2003; ISBN 0-07-138914-8 A: J. McMurry, T. Begley: The Organic Chemistry of Biological Pathways. Roberts and Co. Publ., Englewood, Colorado 2005; ISBN 0-9749077-1-6 A: S.E. Manahan: Toxicological Chemistry and Biochemisty. 3rd edition, Lewis Publishers, 2003; ISBN: 1-56670-618-1 Last update: Fialová Jana (24.04.2020)
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1. Toxicology, toxicity, definition of the terms, the position of toxicology among other sciences, its brief history. 2. Deleterious effects, mechanisms of toxicity: Xenobiotics and their interactions with living organisms, toxicity at molecular, cellular and organ level. 3. Fate of xenobiotics in the organism: Absorption, distribution, biotransformation and excretion (kinetics of elimination). 4. Xenobiotic biotransformation and toxicity: Types of biotransforming reactions, detoxication and metabolic activation, biotransforming enzymes. 5. Toxic effects and symptoms. Intoxication, types toxicity (acute and chronic, local and systemic, neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, mutagenicity, teratogenicity, carcinogenicity, organ toxicity. 6. How to assess toxicity. Experiments at molecular, subcellular, cellular, organ and whole body level; computer modelling. 7. Sources of toxicological information:toxikological data (LD, LC, NOAEL, LOAEL, etc.), toxikological data bases, MSDS. 8. Predictive toxicology (SAR, QSAR). Chemical structure based assessment of toxicity. 9. Biological monitoring. Indicators of dose and effect (metabolites, adducts with proteins and DNA). 10. Experimental toxicology: chemical view (what is happening to the xenobiotic) a biological view (what is happening to the living organism). 11. Target and non-target organ toxicity: hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, pneumotoxicity, haematotoxicity, immunotoxicity, cardiotoxicity) 12. Neurotoxicity. Nervous system, its composition, functions and disfunctions; compounds damiging the neuron structure, information transport, psychoactive substances. 13. Carcinogenicity and carcinogens: karcinogenesis, genotoxic and epigenetic carcinogens, structure and biotransformation based assessment of carcinogenicity. 14. Occupational and environmental toxicants. Risk assessment. Last update: Fialová Jana (24.04.2020)
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Toxikologický test NML Toxicology Tutorials, části I a II: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/enviro/toxtutor.html Last update: Fialová Jana (24.04.2020)
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Good knowledge of organic chemistry, anorganic chemistry and biochemistry. Last update: Fialová Jana (24.04.2020)
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