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Anotation:
The subject covers basic topics in general chemistry - atomic structure, periodicity of properties, chemical bond theory, stereochemistry of molecules and the basics of chemical equilibrium. These principles are applied in describing the reactivity and properties of basic groups of inorganic substances. The systematic part is presented as the chemistry of inorganic phases. The basic categories discussed are molecular gaseous and liquid substances, ions in aqueous solutions and their salts, coordination compounds, metals, solid oxides and other inorganic substances (carbides, nitrides, etc.).
Last update: Kotoučová Hana (22.04.2025)
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Students must pass the written and oral part of the examination. Last update: Kotoučová Hana (22.04.2025)
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Recommended:
Last update: Kotoučová Hana (22.04.2025)
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Teaching methods: Direct teaching in the form of lectures and seminars. Students' independent work based on electronic supports. Last update: Kotoučová Hana (22.04.2025)
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The students write two credit tests during the semestra. The subsequent exams is written as oral. Last update: Kotoučová Hana (22.04.2025)
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1. Nomenclature of inorganic compounds, balancing of chemical equations
2. Structure of substances - basic concepts, types of pure substances and mixtures
3. Structure of the atom - elementary particles, isotopes. Electron shell - Bohr's planetary model, quantum-mechanical model (development of quantum numbers, AO shapes)
4. Periodic table - effective charge of the nucleus, construction principle, electron configurations of atoms and ions, max/min oxidation numbers, effect of effective charge of the nucleus on electronegativity, radius, ionization energy
5. Chemical bond - basic description of covalent, ionic and metallic bonds, types of intermolecular interactions (H-bonds, ion-dipole, van der Waals)
6. Chemical reactions - classification of chemical reactions, general predictors for reduction or oxidation effects, concept of standard reduction potential; concepts of enthalpy, entropy, Gibbs energy, enthalpy of formation, combustion and reaction (simple); equilibrium constant; Le Chatelier's principle, activation energy of reactions
7. Elemental nonmetals and semimetals – stability of ox. states, basic redox behavior, basic laboratory preparation
8. Polyatomic molecules of nonmetals – covalent bond - theory of valence bond (electron formulas, hybridization, resonance, VSEPR method, dipole moment, length and bond energy); classification of molecules according to Lewis theory and influence on their reactivity (hydrolysis mechanism); basics of molecular orbital theory (AO overlap, MO diagram of diatomic molecules without s-p interaction, bond order, magnetism), trends in m.t. and m.v. of molecular substances; covalent hydrides, halides, oxide-halides and oxides: basics of acid-base behavior and redox reactivity of molecules
9. Water and acid-base theories – ionic product of water, pH/pOH, Bronsted acid-base theory (strength of acids and bases, pKa/pKb, conjugate pairs)
10. Monatomic ions in aqueous solutions and their salts – hydration and hydrolysis of monatomic ions, charge density and polarization effects of cations, pKa of cations, pKb of anions (simple), diagrams of dominant forms of ions in aqueous solutions (simple examples); ionic halides, oxides and hydroxides - basic acid-base reactivity
11. Oxoacids and oxoanions in aqueous solutions – strength of oxoacids, hydrolysis of oxoanions, pKb of oxoanions (simple); basic redox behavior in solutions
12. Coordination compounds – principle of donor-acceptor bond, basic types of multivalent ligands, chelates, π donors; structural and stereoisomerism (only KČ = 4 and 6)
13. Metals – basics of metallic bonding; standard reduction potential of metals – nobility of metals, its influence on reactivity; basics of production (application of nobility)
14. Solid oxide and non-oxide materials – solid oxides of d-metals, p-metals and semimetals, their basic acid-base and redox behavior; non-oxide binary compounds of metals and non-metals Last update: Kotoučová Hana (22.04.2025)
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Electronic supplementary materials Last update: Cibulková Jana (13.02.2025)
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Students will be able to understand general and inorganic chemistry to the extent that is necessary for the study of related subjects.
Last update: Kotoučová Hana (22.04.2025)
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high school chemistry, physics, mathematics Last update: Kotoučová Hana (22.04.2025)
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